Open Access Online Scientific Journal

Review

J Sci Discov (2020); 4(2):jsd20026; DOI:10.24262/jsd.4.2.20026; 
Received July 15th,2020, Revised August 18th ,2020, Accepted September 21st, 2020,Published September 28th, 2020.

Human pathology: role of proteinases inhibitors

Valentina Divocha1,*

 

1Odessa International Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine

 

* Correspondence: Valentina Divocha, Academician Zabolotny str., Building, 1, apt. 103, Odessa, 65069, Ukraine. Email: divocha09@ukr.net

Abstract

Proteinase inhibitors are always involved in protecting the human body. Deficiency of proteinase inhibitors characteristic of patients with Covid-19, colon and stomach cancer, liver cirrhosis. Acute phase of hepatitis B, emphysema, bronchial asthma, flu, acute respiratory infections. An elevated level of a proteinase inhibitor is observed in rhinitis, hepatectomy, psoriasis, benign neoplasms, glomeronephritis in children, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis of the respiratory system. In the treatment of such patients, it is necessary to correlate the administration of proteinase inhibitors or the proteinases themselves.

Keywords: proteinases, inhibitors, role in pathological processes

Conflict of interest

None

Acknowledgments

None

References

  1. Belouzard, S., Chu, V. C., & Whittaker, G. R Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, . 2009; 106(14): 5871-5876.
  2. Kopitar-Jerala, N. The role of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors in the host-pathogen cross talk. Current Protein and Peptide Science,.2012; 13(8):767-775.
  3. Lysikova M. , M. Wald, Z. Masinovsky . The mechanism of inflammatory reactions and the effect on them using proteolytic enzymes / M. Lysikova // Cytokines and inflammation .—2004; 3( 3):48-53.
  4. Vorobiev P.A., A.N. Shilova, S.A. Khodorenko Clinical and economic analysis of the prophylactic use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins in the surgical treatment of cancer patients. Communication 1. Efficiency criteria (and others) .  Modern Oncology .—2002; 4 (. 2):67-72.
  5. Aoki N. Yamanaka T.  The alpha2-plasmin inhibitor levels in liver diseases. Clin. Acta.—1978;1(84):99-105.
  6. Lampl L., Helm M., Specht A. et al. Blood coagulation parameters as prognostic factors in multiple traumas: can clinical values be an early diagnostic aid?  Zentralbl Chir. 1994; 119 (10):  683-689.
  7. Somonova O.V. Outbreak Diagnostics hemostasis and principles of their correction thrombotic complications oncologists: Abstract. Dis. Doc. Med. Sciences: 14.00.14., 14.00.46. Rossiysky oncologists. Scientific Center N. N. Blokhina RAMS Moscow, 2008; 50с.
  8. Pedrazzini A., Wuhrmann F. Prognostic importance of albumins and alpha-2-Mglobulins in viral and degenerative liver diseases  Epatologia. 1969; 15( 6) : 389-392.
  9. Meliconi R., Parracino O., Facchini A. et al.  Serum protease inhibitors in acute viral hepatitis . Ric Clin Lab. 1987; 17( 1):53-59.
  10. Hamaguchi Y., Ohi M., Ukai K. et al.  Proteolytic activity and serum protease inhibitors in nasal secretions from adult patients with common colds . Rhinology. 1986;  24( 2):125-132.
  11. Esmedliaeva D.S., Titarenko O.T., Skvortsova L.A. et al. The activity of alpha2-macroglobulin and its forms in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis .  Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk.  2004; 6( 11) : 40-43.
  12. Bollengie F., Mahler A., Clinet G. Measles antibodies, anti-proteinase and plasminogen distribution in serum and plasma from patients affected with multiple sclerosis and patients affected with non6neurological diseases. J Clin. Chem Clin Biochem. 1984;22(10):653-659.
  13. Tolochko Z.S. Spiridonov V.K. Alternative changes of activity of alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha16antitrypsin in rat blood following damage in capsaicin6sensitive nerves . Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova.. 2006;. 92( 9):1078-1084.
  14. Lui W. Y., Cheng Y. H., Mruk D. D. et al.  Alpha2-macroglobulin expression in the liver in response to inflammation is mediated by the testis. J Endocrinol. –2005;185( 3):497-505.
  15. Konrad C., Langer C., Muller G. A. et al.  Protease inhibitors in spontaneous -cervical artery dissections . Stroke.  2005; 36( 1): 9-13.
  16. Chodorowska G., D. Wojnowska, M.Juszkiewicz Borowiec   C-reactive protein and alpha2-macroglobulin plasma activity in medium-severe and severe psoriasis . J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.  2004; 18( 2)P:180-183.
  17. Alexandrakis M.G, Moschandrea J., Kyriakou D.S. et al.  Use of a variety of biological parameters in distinguishing cirrhotic from malignant ascites. Int J Biol Markers. – 2001;16( 1.):45-49.
  18. Alexandrakis M. G., Kyriakou D.S., Bouros D. et al. Interleukin66 and its relationships to acute phase proteins in serous effusion differentiation. Oncol Rep.  2001; 8( 2): 415-420.
  19. Lubec G., Weissenbacher G., Balzar E. Alpha2-macroglobulin in children with glomerular diseases . Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1977; 89( 2): 49-53.
  20. Van Gool J. Profiles of acute-phase reactants and clinical significance of alfa-2-macroglobulin in acute hepatitis B.Inflammation. 1983;7(3):277-289.
  21. Rundle A.T. ,Atkin J. Serum alfa-2-macroglobulin levels in tuberose sclerosis. J Ment Defic Res. 1976;20 (4):231-236.
  22. Zorina V.N., Trofimenko N.A., Archipova S.V. et al.  Alpha2-macroglobulin, its complexes with IgG and some several factors of humoral immunization theta for rheumatoid arthritis . Scientific – rheumatol. – 2006.;1:22-27.
  23. Popov E.V. Clinical comparison manifestations of systemic inflammation in patients with small forms of tutuberculosis and sarcoidosis organs respiration: abstract Dis. Cand. honey.sciences. Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis RAMS.2008; 21 p.
  24. Gola A., Gaіazka Z., Tychowski K. Alpha 1-antitrypsin level and the state of the respiratory tract in arc welders .Med Pr.  1980; 31( 1): 41-44.
  25. Otte, J. B.,  de B. Hemptine, D. Moulin et al.  Liver transplantation in children . Chir Pediatr.  1985; 26( 5): 261-273.
  26. Ulmer W.T., Schmidt E.W., Schwabl U. et al. Pulmonary emphysema. Clinical aspects and open questions // FortschrMed.  1989; 107( 9):201-204.
  27. Loche F., Tremeau-Martinage C., Laplanche G. et al.  Panniculitis revealing qualitative alpha 1 antitrypsine deficiency (MS variant) . Eur. J. Dermatol.  1999;  9(7):565- 567.
  28. Dzyublik A.Ya., Mukhin A.A., Bialik E.I. Chronic Obstructive Disease lungs modern concept pathogenesis, approaches to therapy. Clinic. immunology. Allergology. Infectology.  2007; ( 6):98–
  29. Hug G., Chuck G., Bowles B. Alpha 16antitrypsin phenotype: transient cathodal shift in serum of infant girl with urinary cytomegalovirus and fatty liver . Pediatr Res.  1982;16(3): 192-198.
  30. Zhukova E.N. Deficiency of a protease-A1-antitrypsin inhibitor in the development and exacerbation of various clinical forms of chronic pancreatitis . Russian Gastroenterological Journal .—1998;(2):128-132
  31. Likholat, E.A., T.V.  Ananyeva , S.V. Antoniuk  et al.  Proteolytic system in lungs upon inhalation exposure to low doses of lead salts . Ukr. Biokhim.J.- 2000;72( 6):84-87.
  32. Divocha VA . Influenza virus and cell enzymes . Experimental and clinical medicine. –1999; (2):100-105.

Copyright

© This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/