Review Article

J Sci Discov (2018); 2(2):jsd18006; DOI:10.24262/jsd.2.2.18006; 
Received January 30th, 2018, Revised May 01st, 2018, Accepted May 10th, 2018, Published July 12th, 2018.

Rehabilitation a neurological illness: the stroke in Latin America

Gregorio Perez Serrano^1,*

¹Department of Occupational Therapy and member of inclusive debelopment Grup., Faculty of Medicine – University of Chile, Santiago Chile and president NGO Bioscorpore

* Correspondence: Gregorio Perez Serrano, Professor in the Department of Occupational Therapy and member of inclusive debelopment Grup., Faculty of Medicine – University of Chile, Santiago Chile 7591538. Anthropologist, MA Politics & Government, MA International Studies, NGO president Bioscorpore, www.bioscorpore.org Email:  gregorio.perez.serrano@gmail.com

The sociocultural phenomenon of disability is currently protected by the “Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities”, an international treaty ratified throughout Latin America. I will conduct an economic-political analysis and conclude by referring to disability and inclusion in a cultural way. With this, it will be possible to understand why it would be a structural factor in inclusive development in Latin America. This article will be done under an intertextual methodology, it will be a case study. Reviewing the inclusion in the Latin American region.

I am a person with a disability due to four cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) as a sequel I have a multiple spastic hemiplegia this article will be part of my self-neurorehabilitation. I want the Latin American region to give special importance to the fact that this article is built from the phenomenon of disability. R hoping that belonging to this phenomenon involves a configuration of space and time different from the conventionality of the others. Contributing to the public and economic policy of Latin America in its most inclusive and cultural sphere.   

The present research in neurorehabilitation corresponds to an autobiographical method and a synthesis of technical knowledge and daily life, it is part of the experience that I have had with the sequelof four vascular brain accidents and medical anthropologist. The text in its structure contains an analysis that links global economic policy with disability, I identify with it. In the structure of the text I will reflect: as countries, in this case, Latin Americans can build a political economic context to make the inclusion of disability possible as part of international cooperation and inclusive development proposed by the UN General Assembly. The medical part of the article is constructed as part of my neurorehabilitation. Through an intertextual analysis, of authors linked to reflectivism and through logical concatenations I have the hypothesis that in my brain I had a neural rearrangement, which has allowed me to construct a text based on the fact that disability if viewed by the inclusive cultural model can be a comparative economic advantage within developing countries, especially with the launching of the convention on disability rights. This text can serve to rethink dimentions of the political, economic and legal, public health and psychosocial part of inclusion.

Reading about Anthropology, Public Policies and International Studies, the reconfiguration of modernities and development are aimed at the inclusion of disability as a source of Smart Power focused on cultural health. Reflecting the disciplines concluded that one of the modernities or ” adaptive advantages”. It is the context in which the person with disability or corporately unconventional person lives and their rationality process, should be focused on their wellbeing, not looking for survival mechanisms as it has been until now, with the cultural industries that operate in Latin America and that their modo operandi is the pitiful situation with a charitable corpus and habitus that responds to a “hacienda mentality” more than 400 years ago.

“Anthropology has struggled with the problems of how to participate and represent other cultures while trying to understand and move away from its historical roots in the Western rationality and the commitment to” progress. “[1] This dilemma appears with inclusion and in Latin America focuses on disability and the challenge presented by its inclusion, since people with disabilities, we are configured time and space.

The current text provides new perspectives for innovative neurorehabilitation just like the book About the medical ethnomusicology of Benjamín Koen (2008) about the impact of music on health and the healthy individual, this text is born problematizes the cultural context in which political economy is exercised to enable a healthy and inclusive environment and its link with the Neurorehabilitation is given by this environment and a proactive individual that is to say is more cognitive than morphological structural. The various factors also force us to seek imaginative connections between the so-called “damaged” and the “undamaged” side of the individual, collective, social and historical biosechosocial development by adding this cultural component that helps to understand the complex intercultural scales and now increasingly of contemporary change and development, and their trends and counter- tendencies, like Robert Murphi in his book “The Body Silents”

The Millennium Development goals and disability

The arguments that will be presented will be the main reason that triggers question for this text, contained in the title. In the international area The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can not be achieved without full, effective and efficient inclusion of people with disabilities and without their participation ” in all ” the stages of the processes related to the MDGs as well as in the development programs of the countries that ratified the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and Latin America ratified it, putting as an added value the general assembly of the United Nations launched a draft of the MDGs and disability.

The current framework, instruments and mechanisms of the MDGs offer several opportunities to incorporate disability and if “Smart Power” is used, countries will make this group a comparative advantage for their internal and external policies. The current inadequacy of data on disability in the context of evaluation and monitoring of the MDGs is still a serious problem. The data that is availableshould be used in a different way. How do I deal with this little article? They could be used in support of the inclusion of disability in the current MDG evaluation and monitoring processes, while in theinnovative and development initiatives a disability component has to be added as part of their overall meeting task of data.

Concrete measures should be taken to incorporate disability at the global, regional and national levels in order to achieve short, medium and long-term results.

With a view to the periodic review of the MDGs, priority should now be given to global action in the context of monitoring and independently in each country attached to the convention there should be an autonomous agency with financial capacity in charge of designing, monitoring and evaluate inclusive plans, programs and projects.

Collaboration should be launched within the United Nations system and with relevant stakeholders in order to promote strategic design and planning of the MDGs and disability. In this sense, the creation of an informal support group could ensure the possibility of having a platform for a permanent dialogue and exchange of opinions. [2]

The political and legal instrument “convention on disability rights” could be a structural economic link for developing countries, since international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the World Bank, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). They suggested to the General Assembly to create the MDGs as a link for the international economic policy, favor inclusive social protection framed in article 28 “adequate living standards and social protection” and 32 “international cooperation” of the convention on the rights of the people with disabilities, which would be one of the central components in a healthy political economy, and NGOs would be key, because with these new actors it would help a State to negotiate in a better way and at the same time it would help to retain foreign direct investment. Crucial to keep a country healthy [2]. In most developing countries the convention becomes constitutional and there are laws and policies in place. Case of Chile in Latin America, with article 5 of the Chilean constitution, it states: ” Sovereignty resides essentially in the Nation. Its exercise is carried out by the people through the plebiscite and periodic elections and, also, by the authorities that this Constitution establishes. No sector of the people or any individual can attribute their exercise. The exercise of sovereignty recognizes as limitation respect for the essential rights emanating from human nature. It is the duty of the organs of the State to respect and promote such rights, guaranteed by this Constitution, as well as by international treaties ratified by Chile and in force “[3]. The convention on disability rights is an international treaty ratified by Chile, therefore acquires the status of constitutional: that is, if someone writes or speaks of disability is referring to the sovereignty of the country.

Disability and development: convention on the rights of people with disabilities an economic factor to be considered by developing countries

The problem of disability has recently become a concern and responsibility, both for the public sector as private and civil, with the ratification of the international treaty “Convention on disability rights” in 2006 by the general assembly of the United Nations since it represents the cultural values of a people, therefore it is an indicator of cultural development, if the publication of ECLAC shows it. “Inclusive Social Protection in Latin America “, deals with, the main welfare providers are the State, the market, the family and the social organizations, carry out coordinated actions, tending to improve the public goods, Education, Health, work and others [4] these four institutions are called to take charge of the inclusive welfare or PAHO / WHO called welfare bio psychosocial his concept of health, focusing on vulnerable groups, the disabled partner phenomenon sociocultural the most important to the community international.

Chile, was one of the first countries to sign the convention on disability rights according to the secretary , the 12, 9% representing disability in Chile according to national disability service ( SENADIS) , according to this CASEN 6, 9% (ECLAC ) is the disability, here is presented, the problem in Social Development and human rights in this country, the data of an official survey do not agree with the other. Currently another figure is handled: it is 20% according to SENADIS and the convention, following the figure handled by the world bank that was ratified by SENADIS in Chile. But even so, a series ofinstitutional measures are taken to improve the quality of life of this population, but without reaching efficient and effective sustainable inclusive measures, because people with disabilities are left out, that is, the main actors they would contribute content to an eventual political action.

The World Bank and the PAHO are managed at the convention [3]. Giving more relevance to the subject. In Latin America, looking at the different newspapers, the quality of life of these people with disabilities is less relevant, because the appropriate studies and research for inclusive innovations are not available, political measures are taken without sufficient information, and reactive policy actions are designed for a crucial phenomenon in the 21st century.

It is important to emphasize that this population has historically been excluded from making public The country is, being within social minorities being discriminated against in social life. This has tended to change in recent years, there is a greater commitment on the part of different sectors of society, which have come together to try to make a qualitative leap in terms of disability Ecuador is at the forefront and this is because its current president is a person with a disability (Lenin Moreno) and in Uruguay there are also inclusive measures. But as noted, without information are patch measures.

In addition, the latest global report on disability, carried out by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, says how the lives of people with disabilities are affected, they become present in daily life due to obstacles and inequalities of various kinds. In daily life, they suffer from obstacles in: health care, therefore in rehabilitation, in support and assistance services, unfavorable environments, educational and employment, for all this WHO / PAHO but the World Bank give a series of recommendations : 1) provide access to all conventional systems and services, 2) invest in specific programs and services for people with disabilities, 3) adopt a national disability strategy and action plan, 4) ensure participation of people with disabilities, 5) improve human resources capacity, 6) provide sufficient funding and improve affordability, 7) promote public awareness and understanding of disability, improve data collection on disability 9) reinforce and support research on disability. [3] But what would be the background to these measures, which was taken out by WHO and the World Bank. Yes, we think, Liberalis and realist, these measures account for a methodological individualism, but what would have to happen for these obstacles and inequalities? In political economy there is a new approach that has something to say in this problematic.

Dilman and Balam, Gilpin, Stiglitz, the constructivist approach: towards a control mechanism of the International Political Economy

Gilpin analyzes the role of trade, in world economic policy and in the part where it refers to the new non-tariff barriers, states the following: “The new protectionism involves an expansion of the discretionary powers of the government, which influence the models and the global radicalization of economic activities ” [4] such as integration policies or legislation, which by their nature seek to understand on the basis of a healthy relationship, create new rules and regulations, discriminating against other countries that do not enter the sphere of integration, and the new protectionism would enter Within this integration with tariff barriers, Gilpin goes on to say that although there is general agreement regarding non-tariff barriers are an important determinant in global trade models, it is difficult, if not impossible to measure their extent or effect [5]. then non-tariff barriers would be subjective measures taken by states to regulate trade and these would be traversed by their discriminatory character between 1980 and 1973 the share of exports affected by discriminatory measures increased from 15 to more than 30 percent OECD, 1985 , PAG 18 [6] that would establish certain norms and rules providing a competitive product or service with a competitive value the character of the context where this product or service is manufactured or born, due to the subjective nature there are no certain estimates of who or what is a non-tariff barrier or how the new protectionism is affecting international trade, because there is no way to measure it according to Gilpin.

According to Stiglitz and Charlton they affirm that trade is good for development, because what has been tried so far, with classical liberalization is to optimize efficiency and not development as a cluster of actions to improve the standard of living, Stiglitz and Charlton they call it social welfare. Stiglitz and Charlton write about how preferential treatment helps developing countries, but how does it materialize? Dilman and Balaam theorize about the constructivist approach, as a new bet of the International Political Economy (EPI) that allows a broader vision of the international economy and this approach would enable the realization of the conventions on human rights, for example the Convention on disability rights because it would create new rules and regulations, for example: no negotiating country can sign an FTA that does not have disability accessibility standards such as those of the European Union.

The main and traditional approaches of the EPI are the liberal, the mercantilist and the Marxist-Structuralist. Each of these has a fundamental dyad or structure, for the first: the individual-market, which has exponents such as Smith (with his invisible hand), Mil and Keynes transcendent economist in the great depression of 1920. For the second his fundamental structure is the State – History with one of its exponents Karl Polanyi and his work The Great Transformation and the third, has as diada the means of production – class conflict, its main exponent was Karl Marx, Frederick Engels and Louis Althusser. But in International Relations, in the 90s the constructivism was established that in its dyad has as its fundamental basis, the rules – language games, its main theorist in RRII is Nicolas Onuf [7].

The main assumptions of the constructivist approach in International Political Economy are, in that sense, subjective aspects of the EPI such as: the ideas, values, norms and identity of individuals, groups, in this approach the assumption is that the State is not a institution given if not, which is built by various groups with ideas and values and these build social forces that create economic and military factors that explain conflict and cooperation and these in turn are products of values and beliefs, which change or change to As these values and beliefs are changing [8] and the incidence of non-governmental organizations is due to the porous and permeable nature of this approach, which allows not only the state as an actor par excellence in an international scenario, but also gives way to the performance of other actors, such as social movements, or terrorist or nationalist groups and NGO non-governmental organizations, since this approach helps constr to operate markets with vested interests based on values and beliefs, built by new standards [9].

The new trade protectionism: the convention on disability rights as non-tariff barriers. Preferential trade agreements (ACP). “The great transformation” reflectivist that would promote inclusive social protection

Muños and López (2012) point out “Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are not a recent phenomenon; prior to the signing of the GATT there was a series of agreements of this type, and there was awareness that some issues were going to be difficult to address jointly among all the members, which led to this agreement contemplating a specific article that allows the parties contractors have and / or negotiate future agreements of this type and a special clause. Article XXIV of the GATT and V of the GATS establish the necessary conditions for two or more contracting members to establish customs unions or free trade zones and to exempt themselves from compliance with the MFN treatment. In the Tokyo Round (1973-1979), the Enabling Clause was adopted, which allows developing countries to establish trade preferences without the need to grant them to third parties, with greater flexibility than that established in Article XXIV. [10] (then within these ACP, human rights would be found, which would be a barrier or tariff, in this sense, nation states, would not trade or trade less with countries that do not meet standards of human rights. possible reasons is because they would be considered socially unstable countries, but is disability a special human rights issue? Yes, and this is supported in the following paragraph dealing with Why is the convention on disability rights important? international that 2006 was approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations: Disability and human rights of the UN

“The Convention is necessary in order to have a clear reaffirmation that the rights of persons with disabilities are human rights and to reinforce respect for those rights. Although existing human rights instruments offer considerable potential to promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, it was clear that this potential was not being used. In fact, the human rights of persons with disabilities remained unrecognized and marginalized from society around the world. The continuing discrimination of persons with disabilities highlighted the need to adopt a legally binding instrument that established the obligations of States to promote and protect the rights of persons with disabilities. ” [11]

Recently it has been ratified by most of the countries in the Latin American region, the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, an international treaty that empowers a State to protect and give special attention to the issue of disability, because it is also Being a human rights issue, that is to say political, can go so far as to empower a country in the economic sphere, in two senses: the “subjective economic ” and the ” objective economic “.

Subjective economic: this is related to the economy, since this is a non-commercial issue, which is within the preferential trade agreements (ACP), which according to Professor Muños, are important for bilateral agreements, but it is believed that in all the levels of commercial negotiation, bilateral as well as multilateral, would be important to enter into a dialogue in a sphere of commercial policy, giving importance to the context in which the goods or services are generated

Economic objective: are the goods and services themselves.

The ACPs are fundamental for a healthy commercial relationship, for the following reasons: political and economic.

Policies:

a) prevent the regression of political or economic reforms

b) increase the bargaining power in multilateral forums

c) increase security among members

d) ensure or reward political support

Economic:

a) Access to markets

b) Greater integration

c) Defensive need

d) Exclude competition and consolidate the investment.

Yes, these eight measures were universal and if the disability were taken into account by the political agenda of any governmental negotiating body, it would be shielding the products of goods and services of any country, since it is complying with the non-economic standards indicated in the Article XXIV of the GATT. In any political and social context, in order for free trade to take place, it is necessary to promote Direct Foreign Investment and, in addition, an enabling environment for innovation and product development would be created. According French-Davis, usually investors invest in fixed assets, “is an intermediate category between commerce and financial flows… generally the investor that reaches a country invests in fixed assets” [12], then disability if it were taken as a relevant commercial factor, goods with universal accessibility and with special care for disability would be created and this issue converted as ” special treatment “, for belonging to human rights. In order to create a propitious and harmonious national or regional environment, so that foreigners can invest. The disability could become an ACP sponsor in a country. And not only internationally, but also nationally

The conclusion of this economic analysis in favor of disability is how it is relevant in human rights as an ACP, according to the entire analysis described above. Disability is presented as a transcendental topic for the international arena during the 21st century as a matter to be considered in any international organization. Why it does not enter into the fiscal and monetary policy of Latin American countries, as a preponderant social factor in the internal economic life of each State, respecting their differences but with an equality in the treatment of persons with disabilities.

Towards a Latin American Economic Development: proposal. “Disability and inclusion” as a new commercial factor for a State and the role of NGOs in inclusive social protection

In recent decades, Latin America has undergone profound changes in the way of thinking, analyzing and reading its reality. Latin American countries in recent we have become guarantors of good practices of companies in varied sectors such as hydrocarbons, mining, coffee and others. Currently have, according to the pace of sustained and significant growth, a constant development in economic matters. The percentage GDP has risen substantially, which has led it to develop several countries in the region, since it has managed to increase the potential product and has maintained high savings and investment rates abroad. Therefore, it has generated an important stock of human capital according to these changes. It also created mechanisms to promote technological innovation.

In general, Latin American countries have tended to liberalize their markets, towards an opening. Post-Uruguay Round and Washington consensus, the vast majority of countries in Latin America have tended to be open economies with a flexible exchange rate, it is very important and that is what has allowed a giant step to be taken in the area of economic development and dynamism to the goods market and now last to the post-Doha services sector, which in turn has the purpose of influencing social welfare [13]. Now and from the State, important social programs are being carried out with great social impact for the population. In Latin America, actions have been carried out that are in the line of social inclusion to be a developed region, all these programs need an investment in fiscal spending, as Bitar says the social protection based on housing, health, pension system [14]. will require a greater fiscal expenditure, but why?

There have also been positive changes in the private sector, companies abroad enjoy great prestige, which has been won at the cost of good practices, such as: technological change, product specificity and innovation in productive issues. a high country image, encouraging foreign capital to invest here. With this, the market has been modernized and companies have learned new practices that they have been able to use at the same time, incurring in good social practices, which has given a solid country image, allowing Latin American countries to enter the international market [15]. With the processes of globalization, companies that operate abroad have to earn a high reliability, opening their markets and selling their products at a competitive price with the other developed countries, becoming a country mission, with the creation of the organization for OECD cooperation and economic development, several Latin American countries entered the group of more developed countries [16] , then it must be a priority to invest in the social market to obtain dividends in order to be a developed continent. Since there was a change of form not of content. The great transformation in my opinion, is in the social sphere and more in the cultural, as an index I will put the following example: it is illogical that someone with brain damage and therefore physical, compare it with a beggar, infantilize it or transport services urban do not want to take it for lack of knowledge to the electric scooter or wheelchair. It is inconceivable especially in the 21st century.

To this end, ECLAC had the need to introduce a fiscal or social contract or pact focused on cohesion. This pact proposes acting on four pillars: the coherence of the fundamentals of macroeconomic policy; the generation of employment; social protection; and education and training, recognizing that labor policies but this did not change the way to generate jobs. [17]. The need to reactivate the demand for employment is highlighted and appropriate coverage of labor protection, active policies in the labor market, support for the informal sector and development of the social protection system are necessary, all of which contribute to social cohesion necessary to have a good image of the country [18].

Both companies and economists are aware that by increasing the country’s image, they are able to position themselves in the foreign market, gaining great importance in this, social protection through a concept that is social responsibility. This consists of an active and voluntary contribution to the social and environmental economic development in order to improve their competitive and valued situation using a social expenditure that is transformed into an investment expenditure, fundamental for productive growth, generating jobs and decreasing the social deprivation gap marked by a productive promotion to vulnerable groups, in order to achieve social stability and turn them into a development process, and thus reduce vulnerability abroad [19].

Social Settings market in Latin America after Washington consensus and the role of NGOs

Some companies are on the path of social responsibility by helping vulnerable and integrating groups the business world in the Indian, Disability and Gender fields Meanwhile the state, with these economic measures, has been the guarantor of social policies that allow you to step a development with greater equity apparent.

All projects that serve to assure vulnerable groups have been achieved through the introduction of New Public Management, which has changed the public system, allowing you to create programs and projects with a social and agility dye, all after the first generation structural reforms that liberalized the state introducing the central market approach it is characterized by a unique liberalist paradigm whose market rules are sources or core theories: – public choice theory – theory of agency- new institutional economics (NIE). [20]

A State will be more efficient and more democratic (as minimalist conceptions of democracy Robert Dal and others) as more responsive to individual preferences. By introducing competition from outside the public sector, here are answers to the question: where theoretically choose, within an economic system? Which means that always aims to maximize individual well and that desire will incur unlawful. Here, methodological individualism is present when he says that the collective is explained individually, today the vast majority of Latin American countries and operates.

All this conceptual engineering gives way to the public choice, assuming the relationship in which the principal (citizens) do not want or can not manage that what you own, interested relationship between the agent (state-private) and the main [the agent pursues his self-interest and the agent handles the information that the principal does not have] generating market failures. In general, state agencies have been captured by clienteles, and agencies have done their auto capturing citizenship. The clearest case is that of education grant system and bauchers. [21]

For most Western institutions, the above depends on an assumption of instrumental rationality that operates means-ends. Institutions are the rules that determine human behavior and contribute and help stabilize the behavior of individuals, as it is presumed that always aims to maximize even committing a wrongful act. Institutions need to regulate these actions and attempts to modify institutional ways to create new institutions.

Par solve this new institutional economics (NEI) was established property rights and transaction costs, ultimately how to secure property rights: operating under approaches. What are perverse incentives is operating in a healthy economy: rentismo approach redistributes the small and rents occur whenever state intervention affects, and affect both are political interventions and non – productive investments.

Under this logic, it was operated and still operates in both the goods market and in the service, the first reforms established patterns to be followed by a liberal state and the second was a refinement and improvement of the former. [22]

However, with these reforms and the rise of economic development of the liberal state, a fictional reality where the market and institutions played an important role in producing and reproducing this reality is created, which it consists of mechanisms and instruments that enable a person poor indigenous or disabled resources, socially vulnerable, can access many benefits, they did not have, such as electronic equipment of last generation, (unthinkable years ago for people who are under the poverty line) before.

What is meant by this, it is that before structural reforms, lived in a different way, in a stronger currency, with greater certainty on the economic aspects. This changes after the reforms and the implementation of this reality built on concepts such as credit, interest rates, flow costs, supply and demand, income, flexible capital, fixed capital. The introduction of these concepts regulatory to everyday language, changed the paradigm or approach a central or materialistic state to a liberal or central market giving special emphasis to finance that liquidifico capital or mercantilizó social relations even leaving them as interpersonal relations and inter subjectively empty of content, producing a dismantling of informal institutions, identifying subjects and producing a gap exclusion in society, thus generating a social problem concerning increasing the negative traits of a society, such as discrimination and letting out afloat racism and sexism or discrimination towards disability. The paradox is that nobody should this breakdown and fragility. [23]

In Latin America p or distrust it different is the largest, it is discriminated against and excluded vulnerable groups of society including disability is, to which torture liquidly. These issues in Latin America, are secondary, and social policies that protect them are insufficient. But on the issue of disability, there is particular concern, apparent by public policies, so much so that governments create an institutional framework to address this problem and modernizes and transforms, to give a solution specific to this topic, but do not provide it with a solid financial base. The State, in Latin America as a guarantor of social welfare, with these socio-political transformations, which was the introduction of the first structural reform and then the second, as discussed above paragraphs, it does not give satisfactory answers to social problems because it is small and flexible economy that created all the fictional reality of which he spoke.

The answer to all the imbalance, economic and political, in Latin America and how the constructivist approach to international political economy materializes, would be based, legal and policy exceptions of Article XXIV of GATT and V GATS is on, first part the new trade protectionism and preferential trade agreements, and these could be taken so Dilman and Balaam called new actors in the international arena, particularly the role that NGOs and social organizations, which give content to economic public policy, content uploading them to such policies, providing them with meaning and orientation and to put into practice the knowledge and innovation, with these two elements NGOs could articulate a particular action, such as generating a research center, innovation and development of disability, as being the most marginalized population of all a culture of fear, but how is one of the central points of the Millennium Development Goals, the development of disability inclusiveness ?. In Latin America and for this, strategic issue, as seen in the statements of the United Nations and as strategically respond. One possible answer is, with smart power, making a constructive use of this concept becomes porous and permeable combination of soft power, (education) as knowledge and hard power (economy) as new protectionism and the issue of ACP as it is discussed here. Ie research and innovation, disability, would be an improvement in the development of this area that is critical for developing countries, improving the environment by promoting foreign direct investment and creating technological innovation in soft services such as knowledge and skills in disability as a protected state enterprise, because it would be part of inclusive social protection to eradicate poverty which is also generating disability and in turn generating disability is poverty. [24]

In conclusion: If it were indeed including the Convention on disability rights and its protocol, as a determining factor for the environment, within the dispute settlement system of the WTO, States parties if they comply with this agreement. The concern of international organizations, as this issue and turn it into a central one in the Millennium Development Goals and the binding nature of this convention is every indication that it would be a non – commercial issue that would affect trade, motor development and Latin American states with a sociocultural ACP as a program management improvement, such as disability and not just states should also apply to private and law courts and everything else. the international standard I should impart real inclusion in a special system for people with disabilities, and all this should do a development NGO. As is the case in Chile Bioscorpore through the mechanism of transparency of the State, it proposed an amendment to a rule of State, this NGO action would be creating an intra-firm trade as Di Filippo.

Analysis from the inclusive model cultural

The focal point has dealt with this article, is the fact that there is in Latin America a culture and a hybrid identity that is porous and permeable and responsibility of the state (read Article 8 of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities) in this post – structuralism and culture born from paternalism must change several cultural aspects that affect everyday life.

In a country should be replaced by propositional aspects reagents or negative cultural elements positive, so that the convention on disability rights and completeness effective flow.

With this a Latin American state should through a dialogic and deliberative, change of vision, perspective and paradigm of the sociocultural phenomenon of disability process. I propose the cultural matrix as a new way to deal with vulnerable groups and disability as the main group. Separating an unconventional corporeally person elements culturally ontologizados in inter-relationships in particular situations, such as: reality / experience instrumental / communicative rationality, stereotype / archetype, disability / disability, inclusion / exclusion, normality / abnormality, charitable / solidarity, discrimination / integration [25] and all this reflection must be included within preferential trade agreements (PTAs) not only in the sphere of international country if not in the national sphere to say not only to be a matter of ministry Foreign, if not the Interior too.

In this sense preferential trade agreements (PTAs) should be part of breeding programs management (PMG) of a State and must be contained within the governmental agenda of all governments since they are state issue as this convention it is constitutional in most countries. All this is for a country in Latin America do indeed comply with Article 32 of the Convention on disability rights that is now optional. For example gender in Chile it is already a PMG, for public and private. If the employer does not have a certain amount of people employed different gender, that company is bad look.

For public and private sector, I made the following cultural proposal understood this to the sphere of life that is built intersubjectively and responsibility to tradition, historical memory of social subjects, can be individual, collective, social and historical and keeping or modify their consciousness reviewing retrospective memory to ensure a better prospective awareness, impacting on their quality of life. That is why every business transaction has to be favored in its tariff, so that there is an effective correlation between the subject, the environment and impact on improving the quality of life. Society has to give more value to tangible and non-tangible products made by people with disabilities,by the fact that they belong to the world of disability and include demands that task and the country or company that does not meet this standard will be punished.

If the product has a certain number of people with disabilities contracted with mild degree, moderate, and severe. The State must be given the task of finding the mechanism to have an ACP seal and has the support of the ministry of economy of a country and this visa by the agency in charge of disability. And the director understands what it is to belong to this group. In short the whole population knows what it is to belong to disability, there are penalties in the field of the legal system to ensure the proper functioning of this proposal.

Summarizing here has talked about programs to improve management (PMG) and preferential trade agreements (PTAs) as a means of effectiveness that people with some kind of differentiated disability degrees, can in Latin America, strengthening the line of structural inequality I saw come and suggest that these ACP are considered within the intra firm trade.

This served me as part of my car Neurorehabilitation since my brain is regenerate him and I appeal to the plasticity of this. The most famous case today alive and Steven Hawking is suffering from a neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral, esclerocis (ELA) or Robert creator Ed independent life movement.

A country or nation state, for inclusive cultural model is a historical subject.

The figures were obtained from various international and national sources. Example: the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities, World Bank, World Health Organization and within the country as ENDISC and CASEN. Chilean surveys

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